When the days are cold ˈwɛn ðə ˈdeɪz ə˞ ˈkʰoʊɫd And the cards all fold ənd ðə ˈkʰɑrdz ˈɔɫ ˈfoʊɫd And the saints we see ənd ðə ˈseɪnts wi ˈsi Are all made of gold ə˞ ˈɔɫ ˈmeɪd əv ˈɡoʊɫd When your dreams all fail ˈwɛn jə˞ ˈdrimz ˈɔɫ ˈfeɪɫ […]
Final consonants are crucial in English for meaning and grammar. Spanish speakers may drop, devoice, or add vowels to them. Correct Word Common Error Issue Type bad /bæd/ ba dropped dog /dɔg/ dock devoiced cab /kæb/ cap devoiced need /niːd/ neat devoiced walked /wɔkt/ walk dropped -ed dogs /dɔgz/ dog dropped -s bags /bægz/ bag
4.3 Final Consonant Pronunciation Read More »
Emphatic Stress (to highlight or clarify meaning) Contrastive Stress (to correct or distinguish ideas)
10.2 Emphasis and Contrastive Stress Read More »
1. Who 2. What 3. Where 4. When 5. Why 6. How Variations of “How”: These are more specific forms of “how”: Yes/No Questions – Rising Intonation (↗) These questions typically end with a rising pitch, signaling uncertainty or a request for confirmation. Wh- Questions – Falling Intonation (↘) These questions usually end with a falling pitch,
10.1 Intonation in Yes/No vs. Wh- Questions Read More »
Omission of a sound (often /t/, /d/, or /h/) in rapid or casual speech to maintain rhythm. Written Form Natural Pronunciation Elided Sound Explanation Friends /frɛnz/ /d/ /d/ dropped between /n/ and /z/ Next day /nɛks deɪ/ /t/ /t/ dropped between /k/ and /d/ Old man /oʊl mæn/ /d/ /d/ dropped between /l/ and /m/
9.3 Intrusion and Elision Read More »
Written Form Linked Pronunciation Linking Sound Explanation I am /aɪjæm/ /j/ /aɪ/ ends in a front vowel, /æ/ starts the next word He is /hiːjɪz/ /j/ /iː/ links to /ɪ/ with /j/ She is /ʃiːjɪz/ /j/ /iː/ links to /ɪ/ We are /wiːjɑr/ /j/ /iː/ links to /ɑ/ They are /ðeɪjɑr/ /j/ /eɪ/ links to
9.2 Vowel-to-Vowel Linking Read More »
Written Form Linked Pronunciation Explanation Pick it up /ˈpɪkɪtʌp/ /k/ links to /ɪ/ Turn it off /ˈtɜrnɪtɔf/ /n/ links to /ɪ/ Take a look /ˈteɪkəˈlʊk/ /k/ links to /ə/ Put it in /ˈpʊtɪtɪn/ /t/ links to /ɪ/ Check it out /ˈʧɛkɪtaʊt/ /k/ links to /ɪ/ Leave it alone /ˈliːvɪtəˈloʊn/ /v/ links to /ɪ/ Pass it
9.1 Consonant-to-Vowel Linking Read More »
Schwa vs. Full Vowel: Noun vs. Verb Pairs These word pairs change meaning depending on stress and vowel quality: Noun (Schwa) Verb (Full Vowel) 1. record /ˈrek.ərd/ record /rɪˈkɔːrd/ 2. present /ˈprez.ənt/ present /prɪˈzent/ 3. permit /ˈpɜː.mɪt/ permit /pərˈmɪt/ 4. object /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ object /əbˈdʒɛkt/ 5. contract /ˈkɒn.trækt/ contract /kənˈtrækt/ 6. suspect /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ suspect /səˈspɛkt/ 7.
8.3 Schwa vs. Full Vowel Contrast Read More »
Function Words with Schwa Reduction 1. Articles 2. Conjunctions 3. Prepositions 4. Pronouns & Auxiliaries
8.2 Schwa in Reduced Function Words Read More »
Schwa in Prefixes These words begin with a prefix where the vowel is reduced to /ə/: Schwa in Suffixes These words end in a suffix where the vowel is reduced to /ə/:
8.1 Schwa in Prefixes/Suffixes Read More »